The legal road to
Brown
14th Amendment (1868)
Plessy
(1896)
Gong Lum v. Rice
(1927)
Pearson v. Murray
(Md. 1936)
Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada
(1938)
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Oklahoma
(1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer
(1948)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
(1950)
Sweatt v. Painter
(1950)
Brown
& Companion Cases - Lower Courts
Briggs v. Elliot
(E.D. S.C. 1952)
Brown
(D. Kan. 1951)
Davis
(E.D. Va. 1952)
Gebhart
(Del 1952)
Brown
S. Ct. Decisions
Brown
I
(1954)
Bolling v. Sharpe
(1954)
Brown
II
(1955)
The road after
Cooper v. Aaron
(1958)
Griffin v. Sch. Bd. Prince Edward Cty
(1964)
Green v. Co. Sch. Bd. (VA)
(1968)
Alexander v. Holmes Cty. Bd. Ed.
(1969)
Swann v. Charlotte
(1971)
Wright v. City of Emporia
(1972)
Norwood v. Harrison
(1973)
San Antonio Sch. Dist. v. Rodriguez
(1973)
Keyes v. Denver Sch. Dist. No. 1
(1973)
Milliken v. Bradley
(1974)
Pasadena Bd. Ed. v. Spangler
(1976)
Milliken v. Bradley
(1977)
Bakke
(1978)
California Proposition 209 (1997)
Riddick v. Sch. Bd. Norfolk, Va
.
(4th Cir. 1986)
Bd. Ed. Okla. City v. Dowell
(1991)
Freeman v. Pitts
(1992)
US v. Fordice
(1992)
Missouri v. Jenkins
(1995) (
Jenkins II
)
Hopwood v. Texas
(5th Cir. 1996)
Grutter
(2003)
Gratz
(2003)
Parents Involved v. Seattle Schools
(2007)
See the
chronology
for more cases and for brief notes about each case.